Yield and economic performance of crop rotation systems in South Dakota

Crop yield and economic profitability, both highly dependent on local crop management, soil characteristics, weather conditions, are among the most influential factors to consider when considering a cropping system. The objective of this study was compare returns three different 4-yr diverse rotations with that 2-yr traditional rotation in eastern South Dakota. included were (a) corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (b) corn–pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), (c) corn–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter (COWwS), (d) corn–soybean (CS). Results showed total cost for CS 7.2, 14.9, 18.2% greater than COWwS, CSSwP, CPWwS rotations, respectively. Whereas had comparable CSSwP COWwS its soybean ranked lowest all rotations. When N fertilizer application fell below level necessary achieve maximization, demonstrated lack resilience as indicated by continual decline over time. In comparison, high reduced rate, net revenue highest surpassed CS. Our results suggest extending more diversified could simultaneously reduce input costs overreliance fertilizer.